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Location of Stonehenge Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire about 3.2 kilometres west of Amesbury and 13 kilometres north of Salisbury.
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Plan of Stonehenge 1 = The Altar Stone, a six ton monolith of green micaceous sandstone from Wales 2 = barrow without a burial 3 = "barrows" (without burials) 4 = the fallen Slaughter Stone, 4.9 metres long 5 = the Heel Stone 6 = two of originally four Station Stones 7 = ditch 8 = inner bank 9 = outer bank 10 = The Avenue, a parallel pair of ditches and banks leading 3 km to the River Avon 11 = ring of 30 pits called the Y Holes 12 = ring of 29 pits called the Z Holes 13 = circle of 56 pits, known as the Aubrey holes 14 = smaller southern entrance
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Astronomy and Stonehenge The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge has long been studied for its possible connections with ancient astronomy. Archaeoastronomers have claimed that Stonehenge represents an "ancient observatory," although the extent of its use for that purpose is in dispute. Many also believe that the site may have had astrological/spiritual significance attached to it as well. The discovery of evidence for a neighbour to the Heel Stone has challenged the interpretation of it as a midsummer sunrise marker. The second stone may have instead been one side of a "solar corridor" used to frame the sunrise.
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Druids Temple The theory that the Druids were responsible may be the most popular one; however, the Celtic society that spawned the Druid priesthood came into being only after the year 300 BC. Additionally, the Druids are unlikely to have used the site for sacrifices, since they performed the majority of their rituals in the woods or mountains, areas better suited for "earth rituals" than an open field.
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Stonehenge as a graveyard There is a theory that Stonehenge was used for burials. Indeed, burials were found on the monuments territory, but they were made much later after Stonehenge had been built. According to news reports, a professor of archeology from the University of Sheffield, Mike Parker Pearson, who manages the Stonehenge Riverside Archaeological Project noted that in his opinion Stonehenge from the very beginning of its existence and to flourish in the third millennium BC was considered by inhabitants of England as an area for the burial of the dead.
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Legends Many early historians were influenced by supernatural folktales in their explanations. Some legends held that Merlin had a giant build the structure for him or that he had magically transported it from Mount Killarausin Ireland, while others held the Devil responsible. Henry of Huntingdon was the first to write of the monument around 1130 soon followed by Geoffrey of Monmouth who was the first to record fanciful associations with Merlin which led the monument to be incorporated into the wider cycle of European medieval romance. According to Geoffrey"s Historia Regum Britanniae, using his magic Merlin took the circle from its original place in Ireland at the behest of Aurelius Ambrosius to serve as an appropriate burial place for Britain"s dead princes.
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Conclusion It’s difficult to judge which of the theories is correct, but from what I have read I can do the conclusion that Stonehenge is the most mysterious symbol of Britain, which went through the whole history with this country and gives it special charm of mystery and unexploredness .
Stonehenge
Stonehenge, one of the great Seven Wonders of the World
Great Britain
Back when Stonehenge was built people had no way of telling the time. Perhaps the Druids wished to keep records of events. Stonehenge is said by some to be one widespread sundial, a clock used in ancient times. When the sun rises it casts a shadow though an opening in the one side of Stonehenge, the day passes and the shadow move across the middle showing the druids the time of day.
It situated about 3 km west of Amesbury and 13 km north of Salisbury
The Stonehendge is in a county Wiltshire, in vicinities of Salisbury. The nearest motorways – А303 and А344/360. The nearest railway stations – Salisbury and Grejtli (approximately in 16 kilometres). From London it is necessary to go from station Waterloo by train to Salisbury (1,5 hours). Further at station in Salisbury it is possible to buy the ticket for the bus in a Stonehendge.
Gathering place for religions
Gathering place for religions
So taking in to account that Stonehenge could predict eclipses another thought is that it was just used for predicting the full moon. The full moon meant new life, so perhaps they used Stonehenge for ceremonies to worship new life.
Nobody knows its precise purpose.
They say that it is connected with the sun and the moon.
The moon, it has been a sight for all over time. Back long ago little was none of the reasons for an eclipses, it was thought to be a sing from the gods. In a society which worshiped gods for all the mysteries of the world, the eclipse must have been very special. The builders of Stonehenge must have been marveled at the sight of this holy event, which happened every four years. Most likely the great Stonehenge was built to be a prediction device for the eclipse. Many people have studied Stonehenge and many have found that the stones are mathematically placed to show when and eclipse might occur. "In favor of this solution - that the Aubrey holes were used as a computer are these facts: the number 56 is the smallest number that measures the swing of the moon with an over-all accuracy of better than 3 days, and lunar cycles provide the only method of long-range eclipse prediction related to the seasons of the year."
ГБ П ОУ Н О « НИЖЕГОРОДСКИЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ » Тема: “Stonehenge”
Преподаватель: Мордовина
Римма Закировна.
201 6 год
Questions about Stonehenge:
Stonehenge: What is it?
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument . One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is composed of a circular setting of large standing stones set within earthworks . It is at the centre of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds .
Stonehenge: Where is it located?
Stonehenge is located in the English county of Wiltshire , about 2.0 miles (3.2 km) west of Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury
Stonehenge: When was it built?
Archaeologists believe the stone monument was constructed anywhere from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. Radiocarbon dating in 2008 suggested that the first stones were erected in 2400–2200 BC, whilst another theory suggests that bluestones may have been erected at the site as early as 3000 BC. The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC.
Stonehenge: Who built it?
Most scientists agree on the modern theory that three tribes built Stonehenge at three separate times. In approximately 3000 B.C., it is believe the first people to work on the site were Neolithic agrarians. Archeologists named them the Windmill Hill people after one of their earthworks on Windmill Hill, which is near Stonehenge. The Windmill Hill peoples built large circular furrows, or hill-top enclosures, dug around a mound and had collective burials in large stone-encased tombs. Most of their burial mounds point east-west. These people were one of the first semi-nomadic hunting and gathering groups with an agricultural economy and contained a strong reverence for circles and symmetry.
Stonehenge: Who built it?
The second group – The Beaker people - is thought to have originated in Spain, migrating northwards and colonizing north-west Europe. Their name comes from their ancient traditions in which they would bury beakers, or pottery drinking cups, with their dead. Scientists believe they were sun worshipers who aligned Stonehenge more exactly with certain important sun events, such as mid summer and winter solstices.
Stonehenge: Who built it?
The Wessex People are considered the third and final group to work on the Stonehenge site. They arrived around 1500 B.C. at the height of the Bronze Age. They were among the most advanced cultures outside the Mediterranean during this period. These people are thought to have been responsible for the bronze dagger carving found on one of the large sarsen stones within Stonehenge.
Stonehenge: What did it consist of?
Stonehenge: What did it consist of?
Stonehenge: How did ancient people use it?
It is not definitively known what Stonehenge was used for. Some believe it was used for sacrifices , and others say that it was for non-sacrificial rituals involving star counting and/or the predicting of various astronomical phenomena such as eclipses. More recent ideas are moving away from the idea that Stonehenge had complex “astronomical” functions. However it was certainly set up in respect of the Midwinter Solstice.
Characteristics It is located in
Wiltshire, England.
It is a monument built
in the Neolithic and
Bronze Age.
Stonehenge is a large
circle of
standing stones.
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Stonehenge. Презентация к уроку 1 «On Salisbury Plain.» Unit 12. к учебнику К. Кауфман, М. Кауфман «Happy English.ru» для 6-го класса.Выполнила Модина Любовь Васильевна, учитель английского языка БОУ г.Омска «СОШ №124» 2013 год
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Stonehenge, prehistoric stone circle monument, cemetery, and archaeological site located on Salisbury Plain, about 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. It was built in six stages between 3000 and 1520 BC.
As a prehistoric stone circle, it is unique because of its artificially shaped sarsen stones. The name of the monument probably derives from the Saxon stan-hengen, meaning “stone hanging” or “gallows”.
Stonehenge was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1986. English antiquarian John Aubrey in the 17th century and his compatriot archaeologist William Stukeley in the 18th century both believed the structure to be a Druid temple.
In 1963 American astronomer Gerald Hawkins proposed that Stonehenge had been constructed as a “computer” to predict lunar and solar eclipses; other scientists also attributed astronomical capabilities to the monument.
In 2008 British archaeologists Tim Darvill and Geoffrey Wainwright suggested that Stonehenge was used in prehistory as a place of healing. However, analysis of human remains from around and within the monument shows no difference from other parts of Britain in terms of the population’s health.
The Stonehenge that is visible today is incomplete, many of its original sarsens and bluestones having been broken up and taken away, probably during Britain’s Roman and medieval periods.
Stonehenge was built within an area that was already special to Mesolithic and Neolithic people. About 8000–7000 BC, early Mesolithic hunter-gatherers dug pits and erected pine posts within 650 feet (200 metres) of Stonehenge’s future location.
Stonehenge is the world’s most famous stone circle, visited by more than a million people per year. It stands as an icon for all that is mysterious and awe-inspiring about humanity’s prehistoric past.
For well over a century, people have gathered at the monument to celebrate the summer solstice. Modern-day Druidic societies have claimed Stonehenge as their own temple, even though the identification of Stonehenge with the original Druids is suspect.
Say: True or False.Stonehenge is located on Salisbury Plain, about 8 miles north of Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. It was built between 4000-1560 BC.The name of the monument probably derives from the English stan-hengen, meaning “stone hanging” . Some scientists believed the structure to be a Druid temple. Stonehenge is the world’s most famous stone circle, visited by more than a billion people per year.
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Answer the questions.1. What is Stonehenge?2. What did American astronomer Gerald Hawkins propose?3. What did British archaeologists Tim Darvill and Geoffrey Wainwright suggest in 2008?4.What does the analysis show?5. Why have people gathered at the monument for well over a century?6. How many people visit Stonehenge every year?
Используемые ресурсы:Encyclopedia Britannica:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/567331/StonehengeКартинки:http://img15.nnm.ru/5/c/b/2/6/9f77aa88263d9434a009e069e94_prev.jpghttp://zev.lacounty.gov/wp-content/uploads/druids_stonehenge.jpghttp://www.knowth.eu/wallpaper/stonehenge-equinox-800.jpg
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